Over the past decade the internet has become a vital part of everyday life for the majority of Europeans and over two billion people across the world. This is likely to expand to seven billion by 2020 as the sophistication in mobile phone technology transforms them into internet access devices. Furthermore, the growth of connectivity of internet-enabled devices, e.g. the internet of things, will increase this substantially. This explosion in connectivity will redefine the very nature of the internet and, most importantly, the fabric of social, cultural, political and economic institutions globally.

The permeation of the internet in all socio-economic dimensions of our lives has led to an increasing dependency which inevitably breeds deep potential vulnerabilities. These are both technical, eg security and resilience, and legal, eg privacy and trust, which brings into focus the urgency for governance and regulation. On the other hand, it is also true that the internet's bottom-up evolutionary development and relative lack of protection and regulation has made possible the flourishing of innovative applications and unprecedented possibilities, with huge societal and economic repercussions.

The need to better understand these complexities was the starting point for this study, "Towards a Future Internet: Interrelation between Technological, Social and Economic Trends", which was carried out in 2009/2010 for the European Commission‟s DG Information Society and Media. The aim was to investigate the links between technological, social and economic trends related to the future internet, explore the future needs of internet users, and outline the principles that should guide its future development.

The study identified four pervasive forces which will impact the future internet. These are:

- Stakeholder conflicts.
- Changing infrastructure and socio-technical context.
- Governance and regulation.
- User focus and inclusion.

Together, they point to a key question:

How can we guide the evolution of the internet so that it best serves the needs of society?

The study addressed this question through several foresight techniques and environmental scanning, an online Delphi survey of experts and scenario analysis to identify and analyse trends, drivers of change, future needs, technological options and likely socio-economic impacts.

With input from the Delphi results, trend analysis and workshop discussions, we constructed and refined four scenarios of plausible future socio-economic conditions with differing needs:

Smooth Trip: the rise of the internet economy as a whole life and work style, a middle road in contrast to more disruptive scenarios.

Going Green: internet technologies are used to combat growing environmental challenges.

Commercial Big Brother: a heavily commercialised consumer platform.

Power to the People: a forum for democracy and freedom, based on free production and exchange of knowledge.